• THG·Akashic     【四速】20180501 BBC One-Minute World News

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    • 片段讲解秀

    • from:《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》

    概要:①伊朗核条约橫生变数②澳大利亚枢机主教受审③亚美尼亚示威民众聚集首都④研究发现加工过的碳水化合物提前女性的更年期

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    ①伊朗核条约橫生变数

    以色列总理内塔尼亚胡(Benjamin Netanyahu)周一(4月30日)举行记者会,表示以色列手上拥有大量证据,证明伊朗一直说谎。他表示德黑兰方面实际上藏有核武,并把研究设施迁到秘密地点,让人难以找到。

    内塔尼亚胡以「伊朗讲大话」为演讲内容,一开始就批评对方声称从没有核计划是谎话,指出有10万份秘密文件可以佐证。他亦指出,伊朗签定有关协议后,对方仍然继续保留和发展核武,以作将来之用。另外伊朗在2015年没有按照国际原子能机构(IAEA)规定,申报核计划内容。

    对于伊朗隐瞒核计划内容,内塔尼亚胡表示德黑兰方面在2015签定核协议后,增加收藏秘密档案速度,更在去年将有关资料藏于德黑兰一个非常隐蔽地方。他提到伊朗正开展一个名为阿马德(Project Amad)的计划,以测试、研发及生产捣蛋,明显意图进一步加强孩飞弹的射程及威力。该计划虽然被指早在2003年中断,但伊朗从没放弃有关试验。

    内塔尼亚胡又在会上展示有关证据,展示伊朗多年来隐藏核武,因此批评伊朗核协议「完全是以谎话为根基」。以色列当局已把资料递交给美国的情报部门,让后者确认资料的真伪。他又相信美国总统特朗普在检视相关资讯后,会对伊朗核协议作出正确决定。

    在内塔尼亚胡的记者会后,伊朗国营传媒表示,德黑兰政府否认以色列当局的指控,又认为对方的举动无稽和幼稚,完全是想影响美国在5月12日是否保留协议的决定。而德国政府发言人指出,柏林当局会详细分析以色列提供的资料,并要求国际原子能机构立即调查。

    特朗普去年上台后,一直批评2015年伊朗核协议是个坏协议,因此要求修改协议内容,包括禁止伊朗开发洲际捣蛋、容许国际原子能机构人员突击检查范围包括军事基地和设施,以及伊朗永远不可拥有核武。他表示今次是给予伊朗的「最后机会」,更以5月12日作为修改协议最后期限,若得不到满意答案,美国将会退出有关协议。

    不过美国盟友法国和德国则呼吁特朗普三思,法国总统马克龙(Emmanuel Macron)及德国总理默克尔(Angela Merkel)在4月底分别到访白宫,游说特朗普在伊朗核协议「袋住先」,认为即使协议不完美,总好过没协议。

    特朗普同日在与尼日利亚总统布哈里(Muhammadu Buhari)的一场联合记者会上被问及有关内塔尼亚胡的演讲,他未有正面回应华府会否退出伊朗核协议,但重申美国愿意与各方签订新的核协议,又认为退出现有的核协议可向朝鲜发出正面讯息。



    ②澳大利亚枢机主教受审

    天主教神职人员性侵信徒丑闻,5月1日再度出现一道“里程碑”──枢机主教涉案受审。澳洲墨尔本治安法院1日作出裁决,枢机主教佩尔被指控犯下多起性侵案,必须上法庭受审。天主教士性侵丑闻已在全球各国延烧多年,但犯案者绝大多数是基层不肖神父,高层主教则多因包庇纵容而受訾议,佩尔是第一个自身涉嫌性侵而受审的枢机主教。

    枢机主教(cardinal)位望崇隆,向来有“教会的王子”之称。如今佩尔(George Pell)不但遭到性侵指控,而且必须受审,换言之,天主教会“刑不上枢机”的现象已成往事,震撼可想而知。

    本案在墨尔本(Melbourne)历经4个星期的预审(preliminary hearing),澳洲籍的佩尔被指控数十年前在维多利亚省(Victoria)多次性侵信徒,治安法官华林顿(Belinda Wallington)虽然驳回一部分指控,但仍裁定佩尔必须为其余的指控受审,由陪审团决定其命运,开审日期2日宣布。

    华林顿当庭询问佩尔是否认罪,这位现年76岁、担任神职51年的枢机主教,立即以坚定口吻大声回答:“我无罪。”佩尔去年6月遭到起诉,7月返回澳洲面对司法,但法院迄今尚未公布案情细节,原告都是透过视讯作证,听审过程也不对媒体或公众公开。

    目前外界已知佩尔被指控1970年代末期在家乡巴拉瑞特(Ballarat)担任神父时,曾在游泳池“不当触摸”2名少年。佩尔也被指控1990年代担任墨尔本总主教时,曾在圣派翠克大教堂(St Patrick's Cathedral)性侵多名信徒。佩尔至今矢口否认所有指控。

    佩尔出生于1941年,1966年12月成为神父,1971年取得英国牛津大学(University of Oxford)哲学博士,先后担任墨尔本总主教、雪梨(Sydney)总主教,2003年由时任教宗若望保禄二世(Pope John Paul II)擢升为位望崇隆的枢机主教。

    2013年教宗方济各(Pope Francis)即位之后,对佩尔相当倚重,2014年2月任命他为经济秘书处主席(Secretariat for the Economy),这个职位相当于经济部长兼财政部长,掌控梵蒂冈财经命脉。

    方济各上任以来试图积极处理性侵这项教会“历史共业”,矢言对神职人员的相关罪行“零容忍”,但成效毁誉参半。如今爱将被卷入性侵风暴,方济各先前表示,他要等到全案尘埃落定才会发表看法。方济各也没有要求佩尔辞职,佩尔目前是“请假受审”,而且期待以“无罪之身”重返梵蒂冈述职。

    其实早在自身涉案之前,佩尔就被强烈批评在掌管墨尔本与雪梨总教区时,对于信徒指控神职人员性侵的案件处理不当,有包庇纵容之嫌;他的家乡巴拉瑞特甚至出现被害人自杀潮。正因如此,方济各2014年拔擢佩尔出任要职,各方批评声浪不断。

    澳洲“皇家儿童性侵案体制回应调查委员会”(Royal Commission Into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse)去年12月公布的报告显示,过去数十年来,澳洲有7%的天主教士被指控性侵儿童,相当于每14名神父就有1人涉案。佩尔2016年出席这个调查委员会作证时,坦承自己会褊袒被指控性侵的神父。



    ③亚美尼亚示威民众聚集首都

    亚美尼亚反对派领袖帕辛扬(Nikol Pashinyan)的大约2万名支持者,今天(1日)走上首都叶里凡(Yerevan)的市中心广场示威。帕辛扬警告国会中的议员,如果不选举他出任总理,将会发生动乱。

    示威民众高喊「帕辛提是总理」的口号,并在巨大的萤幕下,观看国会议员在现场转播中束手无策的窘境。

    在两个星期来的抗议示威之后,帕辛扬在4月30日被他的支持者正式提名为总理候选人。

    亚美尼亚这波政治危机,肇因于担任10年总统的萨奇席恩(Serzh Sarkisian),这个月卸任后随即当选总理。而依据他自己先前推动的修宪,亚美尼亚改为内阁制,使得总理成为权力最大的人,让他得以继续掌政。此种举措引发反对派抗议,在连续11天大规模民众示威的压力下,萨奇席恩在23日请辞总理职务。



    ④研究发现加工过的碳水化合物提前女性的更年期(无相关中文新闻)

    A diet high in carbs could bring on an earlier menopause, a study suggests.

    Eating lots of pasta and rice was associated with reaching menopause one-and-a-half years earlier than the average age of women in the UK of 51.

    However, the University of Leeds study of 914 UK women, also found that a diet rich in oily fish and peas and beans may delay natural menopause.

    But experts say many other factors, including genes, influence timing of the menopause.

    It's not clear how big a contribution dietary choices might make and women should not worry about changing what they eat based on the findings, they add.


    Food findings
    The research was published in the Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health and the women were asked what their typical diet contained.

    A diet high in legumes, which includes peas, beans, lentils and chickpeas, delayed menopause by one-and-a-half years, on average.

    Eating lots of refined carbs, particularly rice and pasta, was linked to menopause coming earlier by one-and-a-half years.

    The researchers took into account other potentially influencing factors, such as a woman's weight, reproductive history and use of HRT, but they weren't able to consider genetic factors, which can influence age of menopause.

    The study is observational and cannot prove any cause, but the researchers offer some possible explanations behind their findings.

    For example, legumes contain antioxidants, which may preserve menstruation for longer.

    Omega-3 fatty acids, which are in oily fish, also stimulate antioxidant capacity in the body.

    Refined carbs boost the risk of insulin resistance, which can interfere with sex hormone activity and boost oestrogen levels. This might increase the number of menstrual cycles leading to the egg supply running out faster.


    Health implications
    Study co-author Janet Cade, professor of nutritional epidemiology, said the age at which menopause begins can have "serious health implications" for some women.

    "A clear understanding of how diet affects the start of natural menopause will be very beneficial to those who may already be at risk or have a family history of certain complications related to menopause."

    Women who go through the menopause early are at increased risk of osteoporosis and heart disease, while women who go through it late are at increased risk of breast, womb, and ovarian cancers.

    Kathy Abernethy, menopause specialist nurse and chairwoman of the British Menopause Society, said: "This study doesn't prove a link with the foods mentioned, but certainly contributes to the limited knowledge we currently have on why some women go through menopause earlier than others."

    Prof Saffron Whitehead, emeritus professor of endocrinology at St George's University of London and Society for Endocrinology member, said: "It is an interesting approach to investigate the timing of the menopause but I am not yet convinced that diet alone can account for the age of the onset of the menopause. There are too many other factors involved."

    Dr Channa Jayasena, clinical senior lecturer and consultant in reproductive endocrinology and andrology at Imperial College, points out "the body's metabolism plays an important role regulating ovulation and having periods".

    "It is tempting to speculate that this provides a recipe for delaying menopause. Unfortunately, a big limitation of these observational studies, is their inability to prove that dietary behaviour actually causes early menopause. Until we have that type of proof, I see no reason for people to change their diet."

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